The X-Flow project explored how tidal energy can contribute to a cleaner, more reliable energy future for Northern Ireland and beyond. Led by Queen’s University Belfast in partnership with ORPC Ireland, ARR Ltd, and Shell, the project focused on testing and improving a novel type of tidal turbine known as a Transverse Axis Crossflow Turbine (TACT). Such a turbine can operate in lower flow conditions compared to horizontal axis turbines, making them deployable in both tidal streams and in rivers.
Over the course of the project, the team successfully deployed a scaled turbine at QUB’s Strangford Lough Tidal Test Site. This real-world testing allowed researchers to monitor turbine performance and blade stress using advanced sensors, measuring forces in the turbine blades in real-time – information that can help to improve reliability and reduce maintenance costs. The project also developed a “digital twin” — a computer model that simulates turbine behaviour — to support future design and deployment.
Beyond the technology, X-Flow assessed how tidal energy could benefit the wider electricity system. The findings suggest that tidal power, due to its predictability, could reduce carbon emissions, lower electricity prices, and complement other renewables like wind and solar. Furthermore, tidal energy coupled with energy storage technologies could make a significant contribution to the provision of base load.
X-Flow represents a significant step toward commercialising tidal energy and demonstrates the potential of collaborative research to drive innovation in sustainable energy.