The SUBB (Sustainable and Under-Utilised Biomass Boiler Fuels) project is a collaborative research initiative led by AFBI and supported by industry partners Urban Biomass, Hegan Biomass, Harp Renewables, Agri AD and the RSPB. The project set out to explore alternative biomass materials that could be used as fuel for heating systems in Northern Ireland.
Most biomass heating relies on imported wood pellets, but the region has a wealth of untapped local resources—such as forestry by-products, agricultural waste, and food manufacturing residues. The SUBB project investigates whether these materials can be safely and efficiently used in biomass boilers.
Researchers tested a wide range of samples to assess their energy content, particle size, and chemical composition. These tests help determine how well the materials burn, whether they meet industry standards, and what impact they might have on boiler performance and emissions.
The findings show that many of these under-utilised materials have promising energy potential and could reduce reliance on imports, lower costs, and support a more sustainable local energy supply; although some materials may require further processing to meet boiler requirements.
By identifying viable new fuel sources, the SUBB project supports Northern Ireland’s renewable energy goals and contributes to a circular economy—turning materials currently seen as waste into valuable energy. It also opens up opportunities for local businesses to innovate and grow within the green energy sector.