The CASE Biochar project explored how agricultural waste in Northern Ireland—like slurry, digestate, and crop residues—can be transformed into useful products through the process of pyrolysis. This method heats organic material without oxygen, producing biochar, a carbon-rich substance with many potential uses.
Working with six industry partners, researchers successfully produced biochar from various materials including wood, miscanthus grass, and digestate. They tested its effectiveness in farming, environmental clean-up, and even mushroom growing. Results showed biochar could improve soil health, reduce harmful ammonia emissions from slurry, and help clean up polluted water. It also showed promise as a partial replacement for peat in mushroom cultivation, with no negative impact on yield or quality.
The project also looked at how biochar could boost biogas production in anaerobic digesters, potentially making renewable energy systems more efficient.
Importantly, the team examined the rules and regulations around producing and using biochar, especially when made from animal waste. They found that current laws are a barrier to wider adoption, but changes are expected that could open up new opportunities.
Overall, the project demonstrated that biochar could play a key role in building a circular bioeconomy—where waste is reused rather than discarded—and help Northern Ireland meet its climate goals. It also led to new collaborations, funding, and interest from government and industry, paving the way for future innovation